In his long lifetime, Frank Kupka moved from painting Pre-Raphaelite madonnas, dress designing, and drawing anarchistic caricatures to luminous cauldrons of color (see opposite page); at the 1904 St.

It is hard to tell if abstract painting actually got worse [after the 1960s], if it merely stagnated, or if it simply looked bad in comparison to the hopes its own accomplishments had raised. —Frank ...