Atul and Glenn explain how Germany rose from the ashes of defeat in World War II to create a postwar economic miracle. After the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, Germany faced integration problems but ...

We rely on your support for our independence, diversity and quality. Fair Observer is a 501(c)(3) independent nonprofit. We are not owned by billionaires or controlled by advertisers. We publish ...

We rely on your support for our independence, diversity and quality. Fair Observer is a 501(c)(3) independent nonprofit. We are not owned by billionaires or controlled by advertisers. We publish ...

June 23, 1980: After the assassination of magistrate Mario Amato by Italian right-wing terrorists, an anonymous group published a leaflet endorsing the murder: “To the members of the ‘Great Fascist ...

As a sovereign nation, the State of Israel has existed since 1948, following the end of the 30-year mandate for British administration of Palestine, when the Jewish Agency declared the territory as ...

Israel has carried out a relentless and zealous military onslaught in Gaza that shows orchestrated mass inhumanity on a gargantuan scale. This campaign has killed tens of thousands of civilians, razed ...

Over ten years, the late anthropologist and political activist David Graeber and the archaeologist David Wengrow shared thoughts, explored ideas and conducted research on an impressive scale to ...

Notwithstanding Russia’s local proxy, fanning existing flames in Bosnia and Herzegovina could be a rational adventure from Putin’s viewpoint for additional reasons. First, Serbian and Turkish ...

Sarito Carroll lived in Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh’s commune in Oregon, which collapsed under criminal charges 40 years ago. Like most teenagers in Rajneeshpuram, she was sexually abused there. Now she is ...

Central bank independence (CBI) is crucial for maintaining economic stability, particularly in a globalized world where political influence can lead to adverse outcomes like inflation and economic ...

Since its inception in 1950, the Indian Supreme Court (SC) has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from a subordinate body into a central figure in Indian governance. This shift is the ...

In our tour of the abuses of power, it is clear that when it comes to ethical behavior, it is the wealthy and powerful who don’t play by the rules. If Machiavelli’s saying “It is better to be feared ...